Apache redirects with RewriteMap and RewriteCond 47
At work we’re migrating several thousand research articles from Zope to another CMS. The CMS folks are taking care of moving the content, but when we’re done we’re going to institute a boatload of R=301 redirects from the old URLs to the new URLs.
RewriteMap is the accepted way with mod_rewrite of handling a lot of one-to-one mappings that don’t follow any particular pattern. What I figured out today was that I can use a rewrite map in a RewriteCond statement so I only do the redirect when there’s a match in the rewrite map lookup.
Here are some snippets from my httpd.conf to illustrate:
For testing, we’ll want logging:
RewriteLog /var/log/httpd/rewrite.log
RewriteLogLevel 2
Define the map we’re using. The content of the map is ‘old_uri new_uri’ with a space separating the two. Use .txt for testing, and the below we’ll convert to a DBM.
RewriteMap research_map txt:/etc/httpd/conf/research_map.txt
Here, I got a hint from http://www.tunnell.org/blog_posts_view.php?blog_postid=3. Remember that the syntax for a RewriteCond is:
RewriteCond TestString ConditionPattern
TestString will be a map lookup of $1, where $1 is the match string of the
following RewriteRule, expressed: ${research_map:$1}
For ConditionPattern,
we will test if the TestString is lexically greater than
””, the empty string, which is what the map lookup returns when there’s no
match. Expressed: >""
RewriteCond ${research_map:$1} >"" # IE, if map result is greater than ""
So if the URL starts with /research, then
use the research_map value for the key $1 to redirect to new address
RewriteRule ^(/research/.*$) ${research_map:$1} [R=301,L]
What we end up with is a few lines of configuration that quickly let me put in place 3342 new redirects. Here’s the whole stanza:
RewriteMap research_map txt:/etc/httpd/conf/research_map.txt
RewriteCond ${research_map:$1} >"" # IE, if map result is greater than ""
RewriteRule ^(/research/.*$) ${research_map:$1} [R=301,L]
# Same thing, but lookup with a trailing slash if there isn't one
RewriteCond ${research_map:$1/} >""
RewriteRule ^(/research/.*[^/]$) ${research_map:$1/} [R=301,L]
Lastly, converting the textfile to a dbm speeds up the lookup by at least an order of magnitude.
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